What is hpf in urine

Cranberries contain a chemical that may guard against bacteria attaching to the lining of your bladder. It may be the result of a contaminated sample.

Epithelial cells may also reveal underlying conditions, such as a UTI or kidney disorder. Only your doctor can interpret your test results and decide your best course of action. Even then, further testing may be needed. Leukocytes in the urine could be a sign that you have an infection or an obstruction in the urinary tract or bladder. Learn more about white blood…. Urinary tract infections UTI may be most common in women, but they can affect men as well.

We'll show you how to handle a UTI. How often you pee can provide clues to your overall health. Find out what's normal and what conditions could affect your urine output.

Here's a step-by-step guide to cleaning your vulva or penis after you pee and the benefits and risks involved in the process. If your doctor suspects complicated urinary tract infection UTI , there are several treatment options they may recommend. Learn what to expect if you….

Cystocele is a condition in which the bladder protrudes into the vagina. We explain the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and more. A urine pH level test analyzes the acidity or alkalinity of a urine sample. Discover why it's important, what a normal urine pH level is, how to….

Foul-smelling urine is not a symptom or sign of cancer. It can, however, indicate other conditions, such as urinary tract infections or STIs.

Urinary casts. Crystals may be seen in the urinary sediment of healthy patients Figure 4. Uric acid crystals are yellow to orange-brown and may be diamond- or barrel-shaped. Triple phosphate crystals may be normal but often are associated with alkaline urine and UTI typically associated with Proteus species.

Cystine crystals are colorless, have a hexagonal shape, and are present in acidic urine, which is diagnostic of cystinuria. Urinary crystals. A Calcium oxalate crystals arrows; X ; B uric acid crystals X ; C triple phosphate crystals with amorphous phosphates X ; D cystine crystals X. Gram staining can help guide antibiotic therapy, but it is not indicated in routine outpatient practice. Clean-catch specimens from female patients frequently are contaminated by vaginal flora.

In these patients, five bacteria per HPF represents roughly , colony-forming units CFU per mL, the classic diagnostic criterion for asymptomatic bacteriuria and certainly compatible with a UTI. The presence of bacteria in a properly collected male urine specimen is suggestive of infection, and a culture should be obtained. Already a member or subscriber? Log in. Interested in AAFP membership? Learn more. He received his medical degree from Georgetown University School of Medicine.

JOHN J. Address correspondence to Jeff A. Simerville, M. Reprints are not available from the authors. The authors indicate that they do not have any conflicts of interest. Sources of funding: none reported. Lifshitz E, Kramer L. Outpatient urine culture: does collection technique matter?. Arch Intern Med.

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The clinical art and science of urine microscopy. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. Graham JC, Galloway A. ACP best practice no. J Clin Pathol. This content is owned by the AAFP. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP.

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Mar 15, Issue. Urinalysis: A Comprehensive Review. C Am Fam Physician. A complete urinalysis includes physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations.

B 5 Patients with microscopic hematuria i. C 19 , 20 Exercise-induced hematuria is a relatively common, self-limited, and benign condition.

Figure 1. Convoluted renal tubule cells X. Figure 2. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test result. Krishnan A, Levin A. Laboratory assessment of kidney disease: glomerular filtration rate, urinalysis, and proteinuria. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Kidney function tests.

In: Rifai N, ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; chap Basic examination of urine. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.